Large- and medium-scale palm oil mills produce copious volumes of liquid waste from the sterilizer, clarifying centrifuges and hydrocyclones. This effluent must be treated before discharge to avoid serious environmental pollution. Liquid waste treatment involves anaerobic fermentation followed by aerobic fermentation in large ponds until the effluent quality is suitable for discharge. In some of
In a well run palm oil mill, it is expected that each 100 tonnes of FFB processed yields 20 to 24 tonnes of crude palm oil and about 4 tonnes of palm kernels. Thus between 72 to 76 percent of the FFB comes out at various stages of the process as waste. The solid wastes
Palm kernel extraction is a specialised operation undertaken by a completely different set of processors. They are usually better organized as a group and are not as dispersed as palm oil processors. The kernel processors have to go around the palm oil processors during the peak season, when prices are lowest, to purchase the nuts
Mechanical extraction processes are suitable for both small- and large-capacity operations. The three basic steps in these processes are (a) kernel pre-treatment, (b) screw-pressing, and (c) oil clarification. Line (A) is for direct screw-pressing without kernel pre-treatment; Line (B) is for partial kernel pre-treatment followed by screw-pressing; and Line C is for complete pre-treatment followed
TechnoServe Inc. brought the digester, hydraulic press and spindle press into a rural community together with the business management training to create small-scale palm oil processing enterprises. However there were engineering problems with plant layout and matching the throughput of machine components. For instance: 1. The press and digester stations were typically separated from each
Mechanisation was introduced to Cameroon in the 1930s through the importation of Colin palm oil expellers. The Colin is a low-pressure, continuous-feed expeller made in France. It has two 6’ (2 m) diameter coaxial counter-rotating screws that turn horizontally or vertically in a perforated cage. The discharge end is fitted with a backpressure cone. As
Pounding (digestion) and oil extraction are the most tedious and essential operations in traditional palm fruit processing; therefore early efforts concentrated on these tasks. In small scale processing, digestion, the breaking up of the oil-bearing cells of the palm fruit’s mesocarp, is the most labour intensive. Two methods of fruit maceration common in traditional processing:
Continuous systems work sequentially, with one operation feeding directly into another, related to the arrangement and timing of machine operations. Careful engineering of unit operations is required to minimise discontinuities in the feeding of one stage into another. Otherwise some machines have to be stopped periodically for other stations to catch up. When there are
The batch systems work directly on successive loads of boiled palm fruit to extract oil in one operation for clarification. The ‘wet’ method uses a vertical digester with a perforated bottom plate to pound a batch of fruit and then flush out the oil and other non-oil solids from the mashed pulp with hot water.
Combination Mechanical Digester And Screw-Press In Traditional Palm Oil Processing
The NIFOR mechanical screw-press is the latest used by the small-scale palm oil processing industry in Nigeria. This consists of a perforated tube inside which a transport screw rotates. The press outlet is more or less closed by a cone that regulates the pressing pressure. The worm transports and gradually compresses the macerated fruits. Released
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